Sithiwili

is;sú,s

±yeñ is;sú,s ñksiaiqkaf.a Ôú; ta jf.au wm ldf.;a is;a ixiqka lrk j. i;Hhla

we;eï úg wm Ôj;ajk ir, fkdjk ixlS¾K f,dalh ;=, ±yeñ is;sú,s iu.ska Ôú; ld,h mqrd Ôj;a ùu ir, fkdjk ixlS¾K ldrKhla

tfy;a th ys; we;akï m; l=vdo lshkakefya Èkd .kag neß <.d lr .kag neß ms<smÈkag neß ldrKhl=;a fkfuhs

ug ysf;kjd ux Wäka igyka lrkag fhÿk ldrKh tfyu ke;skï ir, ixlS¾K ú.%yh

uf.a l=iS;lu tfyu ke;akï ud Ôj;ajkag leu;s wlue;slu flfia fj;;a Ôj;a fjkag fj,d ;sfhk l%ufúoh ;yjqre lrkag lshmq ldrKhlao lsh,;a ysf;kjd

ir, ixlS¾K ixo¾Nh ;=, w;rueÈfhla yß myiqldrlfhla yß fjk tl myiq lghq;a;la fkfuhs

;uka woyk  oyug wkqj Ôj;a jkag is;k tl wd;aud¾:h fkfuhs ta jqk;a ;uka woyk oyu yer wfkla ish¨ wd.ï wd.ï fkdjk j.g fyda wka Od¾ñl b.ekaùï wmydihg fyda wjudkhg ,la lsßu nqÿ oyfï W.kajk oyu fkfuhs

nyq;rhla tfyu fkdùu i;=gg lreKla tfy;a we;eï Woúh we;eï oE m%YaK lsßu wms ldg;a ys;kag u;kag lreKq b;sß lrk j. ug ysf;kjd

wm uq,skau O¾u mS;Djrekag oK kuialdr lrkafka ne;sfhka tfyu ke;skï lsishï oyula f,dalhg yÿkajd ÿka ks¾ud;Djrekag wm fldhs ldf.;a ys;aj, ;sfhkafka w;sYh f.!rjhla wm úiska tjeks f.!rjhla fjk;a lsisÿ mqoa.,fhl=g msß keóu isÿ fkdjkakla

B<.g wm úiska tu oyu f,dalh ;=, fnod yßkakkag f.!rjh msßkukag ys; ys;d bkafka kE

wms ta fldgi yÿkajkafka mQcH mlaIh lsh,

ta Woúh wms jf.a idudkH ñksiqkaf.ka fjkia fjkag Tsfka lsh, wms úYajdI lrkjd

ta fldhs ljqre;a mD;.ack jqk;a oyu fmdaIKhg lem jqk fldgia f,i;a ta yryd iudch iqÅ; uqÈ; lsßu wm úiska fyda oyu úiska fyda Ndr fldg § we;s Woúh f,i;a wm úiska Tjqkf.ka wfkl=;a mqoa., fldgia j,ska n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjk yslaóula fyda lemùula wfmalaId lrkjd

th wfma jrola tfyu fkfuhs

tfyu fkao

tod fuod ;=r oyu keu;s W;=ï o¾Ykhka ñksiqka w;r mj;skag;a th tf;la fuf;la /f.k tkag;a Tjqka ;rug lem jqk fldgia furg ú;rla fkfuhs f,dafla fjk fldfyj;a kE

wm ta .ek Woï wekSu l, fkdhq;= fohla tfy;a th we.hSu fojrla fkdis;d l, hq;= fohla

b;ska ux wr by;ska lshmq ir, ixlS¾K iudc fyda foaYmd,k m%jdyhkag tu pß; yiq fkdù bkag mq¨jka kx th w;sYh .=Kd;aul ldrKhla fjkjd

tfyu jqkdu iudch úiska Tjqkf.ka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk fN!;sl fkdjk wdOHd;añl iyh fjkqfjka wem lem jkag Tjqkg ,efnk bv m%ia:d wysñ ùu fyda ySk ùu isÿjkag mq¨jka

iudch ;=, fydo kso¾Yk fudv,hla ùu Tjqkf.ka meyer yefrkag tla lreKla f,i th wmsg .sKsh yelshs

l,a,s .eySu fyda fldgia .eyS wjfYaI iudch ;=, tla md¾Yajhlg muKla fjka jq fldgila f,i Ôj;a ùu ta;a;= ;ekaùu wm úiska l, fkdhq;= fohla

Tjqka idudðl;ajh ±ßh hq;= tlu mlaIh úh hq;af;a oyu ñi fjk;a mlaIhla fkdúh hq;=hs

tfia jqj;a iudchla fidaod md¨jg ,lajkafka kx fyda mr i;=re Wjÿre we;s jkafka kx WodyrK w;S;fha hg;a úð; Wjÿßka rg fìrd .eksug;a úúO jljdkq j,§ ld,sx> ud> rg ;=, mej;s ;%ia;jd§ Wjÿf¾È Tjqka úiska wm ldg;a iemhq Èßh wu;l l, fkdyelalla

rg ±h hkq tlla ñi folla fkdjk j. wmg isysm;a fldgÿka ix> mS;Djreka w;s W;=ï wfkl=;a mQcH mlaIh wmg Èßhla ñi ysßls;hla fkdjk j. fn!oaOhska jk wm;a wfn!oaO fldgia wm fldhs ld ms,snoj;a iyfhda.fhka iyÔjkfhka ixialD;sl ineÈhdfjka Ôj;a ùu f,dalh bÈßfha lsisfjl=g;a oK fkdkud Ôj;a jkag wjeisu lreKla

ish,a,kag isf;a iekiSu Wod fújd

;gq lemSu

19 iïu; lr .ekSu;a ta wdY%S; mQraj wmr isoaê .Kkdjla wm w;aúo,d ;sfhkjd fï fjkfldg'

weu;s PCR wkqj iuyre lsõj¨ úOdhlfha fn,a,u lm,d odkag TskE lsh, ta Wkdg fldrkag mq¨jka Wfka ;gq lemSula ú;rhs lsh, '

ta Wkdg fï rg we;=f,a fn,s lmk l;d fydo kEfka lsh, ug ys;=kd'

tfyu ke;akï t,j t,j myr ,yk tl;a fydo kEfka isoaêhs wehso lskao ukao lsh, úia;r l,dg miafika myq

iuyr mlaIj, ysgmq f,alïjre iuyr f,dl= uy;a;=rekag fpdaokd lrkj

b;ska ta Wkakefya,g ±fkk úÈyfka

wmg uql=;a lshkag äx.la ú;r wudrehs ta .ek

b;ska wr fn,s lmk l;djg huqflda

wïum nh;a ys;kjd weu;s;=fuda

tfyu fldrkag .sfhd;a fjkafka fy< Wreuhka W.ia lrkag iuyr Woúh ,Eia;s fjk tl

±ka b;ska Thd,g nh fjkag kQ,a odkag tfyu fjkafka keyefka ,efnk wdrxÑ yeáhg

´ska b;ska fomdr l,dg miafia wfma ysgmq ckm;s;=uka wdfh;a ckm;sjrKhg b,a,kafka keyefk

±ka b;ska fjk fjk wh tlafld fydhkag ke;akx ovhfï hkag tfyu;a ke;akx ;reK flfkla fydog wU,d lr, ldßh .kag 

yenehs w.ue;s fjkag neyehs lsh, úOdhl fkdjk ±ka ckm;s j.ka;s iys; 19 ioyka lr, keyefka

yenEg miafia w.ue;s jHjia:djl=;a f.fkhso okafk;a keye

t;fldg;a ;gq lmkag fjhso  

fldfydu Wk;a l=re,a,f.a ;gq lm,d Ndr ÿkafka lsß,a,sfhl=g fkfuhs ksid wjÈfhka bkag lsh, ux weu;s PCR  g u;la lrkag lshkag leu;shs

rElv mdkalv fj,d fjk;a wh ySfrda, lrkag fkfuhsfka 19 iïu; lr.;af;a ta yskaod ta fmkakk úia;r lrk hym;a is;ú,s j,g wdhqfndafújd lshk .uka wms ys;uq

wdfh;a ks<Odßfhla tkfldg ldKqjg nyskag wmg fkd,eìjd lsh,;a m;uq

fldfydu Wk;a ±ka biair jf.a tjg bv ke;s nj ta Woúh okak tl wmsg i;=gla ta l=, fyda mx;s ia:drhk jevjiñ fld%u ±ka ke;s tl i;=gqhs

20 g tkfldg fldr .yk l=re,af,la olakg fkd,efìjd lsh,;a ux m%d¾:kd lrkag leu;shs

taflÈ lefmkafka ;k;f=¾ fkfuhs n,;,j, mK fkfuhskx b;ska lsis flfkl=g m%YaKhla kE

weu;s  PCR  u;l ;shd .kag TskE fmdâv fmdâv rg hkag TSke lrkaffka biairyg ñila fjk ldf.aj;a wyg tfyu fkfuhs

nQo,a kvq bvx kvq odkag fjkafka ke;s ;ekg lghq;= lrkag

wfka b;ska wmsg bvulg lsh, uq¨ f,daflkau ;sfhkafka j¾; lsf,daógr j,ska .;af;d;a 65 610 ú;rfka wdhsfndjkav

wfka ux lshkafka tfyu fjkjg fkfuhs

wmg nE ch,,s;d jf.a .EKq mrdKhlska wdKavq fjkag

ux tfyu lshkafka iuyre Wäka tlhs hááka tlhs yskaod

jeg udhsï <. tl tl Woúh yQ,a, yq,a, tfyu ke;akx tl tlaflkdg Trj Trj bkag fjk hq.hla Wod fkdfújd lsh, wms m;uq

±ka Th äf*kaia tl ;sfhkafka ld hgf;o

t;fldg bvx whs;s wud;HdxYh

t;fldg fnok yekao ld <.o

th jf.a lreKq u; wmsg lshkag mq¨jka

Pkafo <.o

iuyre ì;a;s neo, ;sfhkafka ndf.g talhs ux weyqfj

weu;s ;=uks ;ks ;gqfjka mshdUkag nE

“.skaorhs mq¨Kqhs tlg ;shkag tmd¨” fuh CEL uxv,fha ;sr.; jsug kshus; ps;%mghla fkfuhs

.skaor ;sfhkafka weúf,kag lsh, kshuhla kE ta jf.au iuyr fj,dj,a ;sfhkjd .skaor jf.a m;a;= fj,d whsia jf.a ksú, hkag ´k lrk wjia:d

.skaor j,ska ;sfhk m%fhdacx fuf;lehs lshkag neyefka

ta jf.au flfkla tfyu ke;skx fohla yß .sks ;shkag;a mq¨jka

.sks .kakfjda lsh, ljqre yß lE .eyqfjd;a .sks ksjk yuqodj tklx lááh f.a ys;a .sks wrka ;uhs ;sfhkafka

ta ú;rla kx nershE

fldfydu Wk;a .skaor yskaod yDo iamoakh wek ysákag yß tfyu ke;akx ;djld,slj wl¾ukH fjkag mq¨jka

fldaud tlla jf.a

tfyu Wkdu isky fjkag mq¨jka yskdj w;ßka

lvjqKq fmdfrdkaÿfj bo, wo fjklx lshla kx lem lsÍñ lr,o iamkaok yß .skaoÍ <.g fjklx wfma Woúh wdfú  

wms Ñ;%mg j,g iïnkaO yefudau wdrlaId fjk úosfya l%uhla ys;, n,uqo

Ñ;%mghla ÿjk tl Ñ;%mghlg wjYH iSka tlla yeáhg ks<sfhla yß k¨fjla yß ÿjkjdg jvd fjkia

tal f.or ;shdf.k yß wf;a ;shdf.k yrs ÿjjkag neye

tfyu kx b;ska tal lraudka;hla fjkafk kE

wms ÿjk fkdÿjk yeu Ñ;%mghlgu kS;S fkdjk mqÑ kS;s moaO;shla oduq

fufyu fydoo n,kag

fufyu fydo ke;akx Tfydu fydoo yomq tlaflkdf.ka wykag Wmfoila fokag mq¨jka

;j fohla Th l¾udkaf;a .ek fkdokak flfklag lsis kS;shla yokag neye

tal ms,s.kag ´kE

ux ,shkafka risldúhla yeáhg ñila kS;s{jßßhla yeáhg tfyu fkuhs

ixia:djla Ndr fokfldg ta .ek;a ys;kag fydohs

wms ÿjk whg fkfuhs fkdÿjk whg wju Èk .dKla fouq

Èk 40 yß 60 yß ´k Èk .dKla

wjuhla ;sfhk tl ldf.a ldf.;a idlal= j,g ú;rla fkfuhs

hefmk whg;a l¾udkaf;a bÈß meje;aug;a fydohs

Yenehs ÿjk Ñ;%mg j,g tfyu Èk ;yxÑ odkag neye

tal äx.la widOdrKhs

ta Wkdg wfkla wh fmda<fñ ;shkag fydo ke;s ksid iñuq;shlg tk tl kdl keye

.=re f.or jf.a kS;s odkag neyefka

iqcd;d yß isiag fñß yß oññ yß bxÿ yß ljqre talg uykais Wk;a u,a ñgla tjkag neß keye wmsg ta jf.a fj,djl

iq.;a,g lsúj;a Woú fkdlr bkak tlla keye

t;fldg b;ska ch ldgo wmg ñila

tfyu ke;s Wkdu fid,aodÿ Wkakefya, <.g hkaghs wka;sfñg ixia:dj ,. oK .ykaghs Tska kE

Th ljqre;a Th l¾udkaf;ka Ôj;a fjkag TskE ksid hlv msydgq jf.a ys; yhsh lr .kag TskE bo, ysg, m%YaKhla wdj;a

wms ljqre;a Ôj;a fjkag o.,k fldg f,a lsß lÿ¨ olskag mq¨jka

ysß fmdo jeiafia äx.la f;uqfkd;a yß hhs Th Tlafldu

fyda,a tlla ldg whs;s Wk;a ux lshkafka ,iaik fl,a, ix.s;g whs;s Wk;a ßoaudg whs;s Wk;a wms ldg;a idOdrK fjkag TskE

iuyr Ñ;%mg ffojfhda.h ksid ÿjkjd fkuhsfka tfyu ke;akx fma%u ;r.h ksid ÿjkj;a fkfuhsfka

isxy, iskudj tfyu ke;akx fy< iskudj ys.k fld,af,la fjkjg ux leu;s

kE

wfma iskudj ksOdkhla wmg keoao ux wykafka

´kakx b;ska jE lkao j,úfú lááhf.ka wy, n,kag ux lshkafka we;a;o lsh,

wfma iskudj tlageñ f.al ysr lr, ;shkag;a wms ,Eia;s keye

fldhs rúf.ka weyqj;a úfÊf.ka weyqj;a W;a;r .kag ;snqk ta .ek

.skaor .ek l;dka;r ;j;a ;sfhkjd ta Wkdg fldhs .sks;a isis,a lrkag mq¨jka

isis, Wk;a .sks .kag mq¨jka ta .ek;a wu;l lrkag tmd

iuyre isis, .sks wrka ;sfhk fj,djg iskudjg fiakaÿ Wkdg fudlo wdldi l=iqula jf.a ,iaikhs f¾Ld wÈk yeá

isxy, iskudj lshkafka ±ka ,iaik fl,a,la

thd ±ka yß f,dl= <ufhla ñila mqxÑ nfnla tfyu fkfuhs ;j ÿrg;a

thdj biair;a uqK .efykag wudre kE äfrlag¾, fokafka ke;sj ñila

wehs b;ska Ôúf; jeä yßhla rEm rduq tlal fkdje yemqfka

fudflda ux lshkafka

kj È,a,sh fkfuhs ,lakú fkfuhs fudialú Wk;a fyd,a,kag mq¨jka wog;a

fldfyduo Ñ;%mg ÿjkag Kh fok tl .ek lááhf.a woyi

ljqre yß .sks ;shkag ,Eia;s Wfkd;a n,d .kag mq¨jka wef.a ffjrh ú;rla fkfuhs wefÕa ffjrh;a

wreKg fmr fldhs foa;a ksis úÈyg ;Skaÿ fjkag Tsfka ke;skx y;aÈkak;a ;re f.k;a fokakx lsh, lsújg taj iskudjg jevla kE

ta jf.au iyrdfj isyskh jf.a ,iaik ySk fmkakqjg iskudjg jevla kE tajfha ksr;fjk whg fi;la fjkagkx

fmdäv neß fjkfldg ;ry ury we;s lr.kag fydo kE

b;ska tfyu tl. Kx fmdä w;aikla tfyu yefudagu fmakag .y, uqyqr;a Wf<,la tfyu ,Eia;s lr, Ñ;%mgh ÿjkag ,eia;s l,du kvq yn j,g fkd.ssyska riaidfj f.!rjh fìr .kag mq¨jka

ksIamdoljre fìr .kak tl tl w;lska wOHlaIl f.;a j.lSu

ta fjkqfjka fmkS ysák tl fydo .=Khla

ta yskaod yefudau yefudau .ek ys;kag

ta jf.au tfyu fkdjqfkd;a wdfha tfyu tllg w; .ykag fmdä úfÊ lsúj;a ljqre;a leu;s fjka kEfka

wmsg wfma iskudj frdai jika;hla jf.a ,iaik lr .kag mq¨jka ta jf.au fndo fj,d .sh óÿul;a yß wmq¾j;ajhla ;shkjd 

ta .ek;a wms ú;rla fkfuhs yßhg ;=Idrd u;l ;shd .;a; jf.a p;=rsl;a u;l ;shd .kag Tsfka

ihkfha isyskh jf.a fkfuhs jiaidkfha isyskh isysk yßhg ;sfhkjd isxy, iskudj;a tlal wEÿk

taj iuyr foudmshkaf.;a ySk

wehs tajg iñnkaO fjkag isysk olskag ,iaik fl,af,da ljqre;a leu;shs fmdä ÿj ú;rla fkfuhs wehs f,dl= ÿj,d

biair Woúhg fudkjd yß fohla Wkdu lshkag fydo ke;s Wk;a lshkfka wñug isß lsh,

±ka lshkafka isß rc isß lsh, tfyu ke;akñ isß merl=ñ lsh,

ta i;=gq fj,djg

yeuodu;a uy rc ÿgq .euqKq jf.a fydo rcjre jf.au chka; pkaøisß jf.a fydo Wi uy; ,iaik rcjre isxy, iskudfj bkak tl jdikdjla

isxy, iskudj rdcH fiajh msKsi ;sfhk tlla fkfuhs

foaYsh iskudj lshkafka iuk< ixêjkshla ta ksid tal we;=f,a wms tl tld l=,,a ld .kafka ke;sj bkag n,kag TSkE

fldhs ldg;a fydo ujqia tlla fjuq ;dlaIkh me;af;ka ú;rla fkfuhs ys; fydo lfukq;a

Ôú;g jf.au rx.kh bf.ka .kak;a wfkdac fkdafka ,.g hkag lgyv ú;rla fkfuhs iskudfj ;j ßoau ;sfhk j. bf.ka .kag mq¨jka fldhs ldg;a

tfyu kx u;lfka Ôúf;a yß isxy, iskudj yß lshkafka fi,a,ula fkfuhs fihs,u la Wfkd;a wefrkag

mßiaix lr .kag

tfyu ke;skx b;ska ixldrd lshkjd fjkqjg lshkag fjkafka wkspsPdj; ixLdrd lsh, iskudjg

by; rpkdj ixialrKh fkdlrmq tlla ta yskaod jsia;rfha wvq jevs ;sfhkag mq,qyx

255?

m;a;f¾ b;ska odkafka we;a;fka

wdrxÑfha yeáhg md¾,sfïka;=fú idudðl ixLHdj 255 lrkag hkj¨

we;a;o

ug ysf;k úÈyg fkfuhs ug u;l úÈyg myq.sh wdKavqjg odmq tl fpdaoKdjla ;uhs bkak .dK jeähs lsh,

ta wh kv;a;=jg;a iEfyk úhoula hkj lsh,

b;ska ±ka fhdað; .dK jeäo

ug ysf;kafka ;j k.a.kag mq¨jka ys;, ne¨fjd;a

wehs jfoa biair ckdêm;s;=ud hgf;a f.dvla j.lSñ ;snqk

±ka tajd fnÈ, .syska

fldhs ukqiaihgo ieye,a¨fjka bkag mq¨yka ux wykafka f.dvla j.lSñ tl ukqiaifhla lf¾ yß wf;a yß Wrysfia yß ;sfhkjkx  

biair hqoaO wud;HdxYh rfá f,dl= mqgqj wñum Th foaj,a lm, odmq tl ;ud fydo

±ka b;ska ta Tlafldu mjrkag ;snqfka weu;sjrekag ks<Odßkag;a fkfuhs

yenehs b;ska n,h .ek l;dj biairyg od,d lm, odmq ;gq yskaod f,dafla biairy tfyu

yE,a¨fjkag tfyu kdñl f,dlafld wmsg tmd

fldfydu Wk;a ;gq lemqjg wmsg lula kE

tfyu ke;sj Th iuyr rg rdcHj, jf.a kdñl whg mä kä f.jkag ck;djg nE

b;ska 255 l;djg nysuqflda

ug ysf;kafka fmdä úOdhl mdgla .d, Wk;a lula kE fokag ;sfhkafka tl weu;s uy;a;fhl=g wud;HdY lSmhla n,d .kag

keyakx b;ska .dK wvq lrkag;a nE

jev lrkag nE lshkag nEfka

yeuodu iuyre flrefj fpdaokd yskaod §, n,kaghs ;sfhkafka

lvq.kakdj

u.shka fudfyd;la k;r fjf;a

isysf,ka is;sú,s fodar .ef,a

fudfyd;la yoj; k;r jqfka

isysù is;=juzwe|s ukfia

wkka;hg mshUd f.dia ;gq is÷kd is; mduq,

miqlrñka wïn,u;a ud we÷kd kqn osydg

j<dl=,l is; meg,S ud jegqkd ñirhgu

ñisismshg ud f.kf.dia kqU we÷kd kqU osydg

wE; uE; jx.= j,os we, Wkdg is; äx.la

lSrs .efykakg ;rug fjkila kE fmdâvlaj;a

ueoska uyg lekaod tk kEkd fmdâv ys; ;shdk

ux bkakd /cskla ú,ig

fmdfrdkaÿ jQ fidhqrsf. ydoao

ud f.k hhs úYajh fj;

<má lug flda< lug me,qkd y|j; ì÷jla

ta Wkdg ta yhsfhka ux wdjd ú. ú.yg

.s,sySu lshkafka meje;aug lshk ;j;a kula 

ta;a wms ys;kafka mj;skafka fN!;sl foaj,a ú;rhs lsh,

mj;skafka wms wrf.k hk foa fkfuhs b;srs lr, hk foa

b;srsh lshk by;ska ioyka l, foa fmdÿ ñksiaiq w.h fkdlrkag fyda tfia fkdys;kag mqq,qjka

ñksiaiq ukskafka fndfyda foa fm!oa.,sl ugsgfuka yskaohs tfyu fjkafka 

nqÿ oyfu wIag f,dal O¾u;djh hgf;a wmsg ta foa fydog lsh, fokj

  

Is Labourer an independent figure?

lïlrejd hkq iajdêk ksjy,a mqoa.,fhl=o tfia ke;skï foaYmd,kfha wksjd¾Hh , ke;sju neß m%mxphlao 

lïlrejdf.a iudc wd¾Ól fukau foaYmd,kuh iajrEmh iudcfhka iudchg foaYfhka foaYhg uyoaùmfhka uyoaùmhg fjkiah

tys wdishdkq iajrEmhla meyehla yevhla fukau f.da,Sh fmkqula yd yevhlao mj;shs

tod isg wo olajd lsishï rgl iudchl lsishï fN!;sluh fyda .=Kd;aul fyda ;=,kd;aul úm¾hdihla jqfha ù kï Bg idfmalaIj lïlrejdo hï;dla ÿrlg tu úúO;d fyda úm¾hdihkag uqyqK ÿkakd fyda tfia;a ke;skï uqyqKmEjd hehs lsj yelsh

w;S; iudc ;=< l=, fyda mx;s l%u ;=< lïlrejdg ,enqk fyda ;snqk ;ek ta ta iudchkays iajrEmhka wkqj fjkia jqfhah

lïlrejd f;areï .ekSuo lsishñ iudchl iudc wd¾Ól foaYmd,k we;eï úg ixialD;sl m%mxphka f;areï .ekSfuka jgyd .; yelshehs ud is;kqfha tfyhsks

b;sydifha úúO hq. ;=< lñlrejd ì<skafol=o ;reKfhl=o tfia ke;skñ fydÈka fudard jevqkq jeäysáfhl=j isáfhao fyda isákafkao hk j. tat a hq.hkays w.hka jgyd .ekSfuka f;areï .eksu l, yels hehs ug isf;hs

tfy;a ta ish,a, ta ta iudchkays iajrEmhka wkqj jvd jeä meyeÈ,s fyda lsishñ Ñ;%hla fmkajkq ,nhs

mqrdK hq.h

uOH;k hq.h

j;auka hq.h

lsishï iudchl mj;sk fohla f;areï .ekSu f,dal iïu; ks¾Kdhl wkqj muKla f;areï .; fkdyelallS

by; l%uh tla;rd iudc l%uhla ;=< lïlrejd f;arï .; yels tla l%uhls th f,dal b;sydihg iu.dój fyda ta weiqßka f;areï .ekSu fyda tfia;a ke;skñ bka iajdêkj ish iudc l%uh ;=, isg th f;areï .; yelsh

wm iudch ;=, mqrdK, jevjiï l%uh mej;s hq.h ,hg;a úð; hq.h yd wk;=rej 1948 ka miq hq.hka hgf;a lïlrejd ms<snoj l;sld l, yelshs

tfy;a wmg mßndysr mudcfha wmg idfmalaIj úúO;d yd fjkialï lïlrejd ;, ±lsh yels jk fhyska jy,a fj,odu yd Bg wkqnoaO jy,a Y%ñlhka isá fyda yjeks l%uhla mej;s iudc lsisjl=g ish l;dldjkaf.ka meyer yeÍu l, fkdyelsh

ta ish,a, f,dal b;sydih ;=, Tjqkg ysñj mej;s ia:dkh;a ta fjkialr .;a wdldrh;a .ek úúO l;sldjkag nÿka l, yelsh

bvï ysñhdf.a wksjd¾H fyda ks;H fiajlhd jkq fjkqjg Bg lsishñ uq,Huh w.hla ,nd §u;a lsishñ tl.;djkag wkqj wjYH úfglish fiajfhka bj;a ùu fyda tl.;djka ìo fy,l l, fiajHhd úiska fiajlhd fiajfhka fkrmd yeÍug jvd bj;a lsßu isÿùu isÿjqfha Èklska fyda follska fkdjkafkah

tfiau Y%uh lsishñ oElg yqjudre ùu iudc l%uhka ;=,skau mek ke.s úfrdaO;d fya;=fjka wvmK ù fyda ksYal%Sh ù .sh hq.hl Y%uh uqo,ska iei§ug mgka .ekau;a iu. ydïmq;=ka yd Y%ñlhka w;r mej;s .Kqfokqfjys iajrEmh fjkia jqfhah

ld¾ólrKh fyda ld¾ñl úma,j yß; úma,j fyda f,dj mqrd mek ke.S úúO iudc úfrdaê l;sldjkag tfrysj ta ta iudchka ;=,ska mek ke.s iudc l%uhkag tfrys úma,j jeks oE WodyrK jYfhka udfjda jd§ka fyda fÑ.=fúrd l%ufúohka mqrdK lïlrejd j;auka lïlrejdf.a ;;ajhg f.k taug jl%dldrj fyda iDcqj odhl ù we;shs is;sh yelsh

ld,a ud¾laia fyda f,ksk úiska idïm%odhsl iudc l%uhka ;=, we;s lrkakg fhÿk úúO fjkialï

o mx;s l%uh jeks oE ms,snoj f,dj ;=, ta hq.hka ;=, we;s jq msì§u lïlrejd ;=,o .=Kd;aul fjkila lsÍug n,mEfúh

tod wOHdmk uágñ j,ska lsishñ wju uágul isákd mqoa.,hd  lh fjfyid jev lrk lïlrejd hk ;ekska Tìng fkd.sho wo lïlrejd lsishñ wOHdmk ;;ajfhka Wiia ;;ajhla <.dlr f.k we;s wfhl= f,i ú.%y l, yelsh

wOHdmkh ,eîu wksjd¾H lsÍu jeks lreKq u; mdie,a wOHdmkh ksisf,I ksu fkdfldg lsishñ jD;a;shl kshe,Su kS;sfhka ;ykï lsÍu tfia ke;skï <ud Y%ñlhka fyda <ud Y%uh ;ykï lsßu jeks lreKq fya;=fjka wo lïlrejd wOHdmkh ,o mqoa.,fhl= f,i ish jD;a;sh ;=, kshe,Su fiajHh md¾Yajhkag tla w;lska jdishla ù we;af;ah

tfia jkafka wOHdmkh keu;s idOlh ;=,ska .=Kd;aul jYfhka fmdaIkh jq fiajlhd fiajHhdg iïm;lajk fyhsks

tfia jq úg fiajHh fiajl .KqfoKqj myiqh

;laIKSlrKh yd ld¾ñlrKh iu.dó jHmdr fya;=fjka lïlrejd wo isákd ;;ajhg Tijd ;eîula isÿ jqjo bka mqrdK lïlrejdf.a yev ;,;a Tyqf.a ld¾HNdrh;a fjkialïj,g nÿka jqfhah

by;ska l;sld l, oEg wu;rj hka;% iQ;% Y%ñlhdf.a fndfyda ld¾Hhka mjrd .kq ,enQ w;r Tyqf.a ñ, kshu ùuo Bg idfmalaIj isÿjq fha hehs lsj yelsh

tfiau jevlrk ish,a,ka uehs ÈkfhaÈ we.hSug fyda l;dldjg nÿka l,o th tfia úh hq;= jqjo ud fuysÈ mqrdK lïlrejd isg j;auka lïlrejdf.a N+ñldjkays yd .=Kd;aul j úÿj we;s fjki foig jeä wjOdkhla fhduq lsÍug leue;af;ñ

  

tfiau Pkao l%uhla l%shd;aul fudkhï iudchl jqj lïlrejd hkq ke;sju neß fuj,ula njg m;a jqfha l%ufhks

lïlrejd Pkao ld,j,§ úl=Kd ±óu fyda wemhg ;eîu isÿfkdjqj hehs lsj yels kï th Tjqka ish whs;sjdislï jer ùßfhks Èkd .ekSfuka wk;=rej muKls

tfy;a ta ms,snoj idfmalaId¾:fhka ú.%yhla lsßu W.yg ke;

w;S;fha lïlrejd hkq ydñmq;=kag wjeis úfgl t,shg ±ñh yels jevj¾ck l,fyd;a /lshd úrys;hka njg m;ajk fldgils

wm b;sydih ;=, cQ,s jevj¾ckh wu;l fldgila we;skñ u;lalr .ekSu w.kd jkafka lïlrejd hkq ksjy,a foaYmd,k w;fld¨ fyda fmdfrdkaÿ m;% j, ysr fkdúh hq;= TSkEu foaYSh wd¾Ólhl msg fldkao jeks leã ì§ .shúg kefuk ysi Tijd isàu ÿIalr w;Hka; jeo.;alula fmkajk fldgila jk fyhsks

lsishñ fyda TSkEu rchla i;=j j.lSï mj;S th ksYaph lr .ekSu lïlre osk meñfKk f;la fyda Pkaohla t<fUk ;=re isàu wkjYHh  

lïlre wud;HdxY todg muKla l, t,s ±lsu fkdl, hq;=h

úÿre ldur j,ska msg isg yÿkd .;hq;= rchkag wjYH fyda NdKavd.rfha È. m<, wkqj Èh hq;= oE ;SrKh lrk fldgila fkdúh hq;= jkafkah

foaYmd,k rduqfjka ñ§ lïlrejd úiska l, hq;= jkafka yels;dla ta ;=, isr fkdù ish jD;a;sh /l .ekSuh ish whs;Ska yels yeu úgu iq/flk f,i lghq;= lsßuh

tfy;a lïlrejd i;=j foaYmd,khla ke;ehs hkak bkak fkdye.fú

foaYmd,{hdg wjYHh w;jYH fuj,ula jkjd yd iudkj ish jD;a;Ska Tjqkf.a meje;au fyda /§ isáfñ ±k jljdkq ;SrKh lsÍfñ yelshdjo Tjqka i;=j mj;sk njo i;Hhls

todg idfmalaIj wo lïlrejd ish Y%ufhys jgkdlï flaj,a lsÍfñ yelshdj ÈKquls

flfia fj;;a wo lïlrejd ish whs;Ska oskd isáho wo;a we;eï wyquq¨j, fldka j, ta lsisjla fkdiq/flk wjia:d fyda ta hï wdldrhkag lvjk wjia:d ±lsh yelsh

tfy;a th fomd¾Yajhka úiska iñuq;Shla we;slr .; hq;= Bg w;fmúh hq;= fohlS

we;eï fiajlhskag ish rdcldßfha iajNdjh ;SrKh jq m;s%ldjla fyda lsishï fldka;%;a;=jlg nojd .;a njg ,smshla fyda iy;slhla wog;a we;euqkag fkd,efnkafkah tfiau jev l, hq;= mE .Kk yd ta ms<sno §ukd wúksYaÑ;h ta ms,sno ksis ie,iqula fyda ;SrKhla fkdue;af;ah

fiajHh fiajl ino;dj ÿria: fkdj f,x.;= fukau wjfndaOfhka imsß .KqfoKqjla úh hq;=h

fiajHhd yd fiajlhd hkq md¾Yaj folla jqjo tys lsishï tla fldgila jeks ye.sula fyda iajrEmhla ;sîu wjYHh

tjeks lreKq fomd¾yajfhau meje;au ;yjqre lrkafkah

fiajlhd ,eìh hq;= wju jegqm tat a iudchkays rchks úiska ;SrKh lrk ,oaol fyda kS;s Í;s moaO;Ska úiska w.hkakla jk w;r tys Wmßuh fiajHhdg ;srKh l, yelsj mj;S

uehs m,fjksod fkdjk ÈkhkaysÈ fndfyda Woúhg wu;l jk lïlrejd l,t,s niskafka todgh

lïlrejd todg idfmalaIj wo ish whs;sjdislï ms<snoj fndfyda fihska ±Kqj;ah

tod lñlrejd fldkafoa wudrejla we;s wfhla f,ig jevjiñ hq.h ;, fmks isáhd fyda Tyqf.a fldkao lvd ±uqjd jqj wo m%{dma;s we;=¨ fndfyda oE fya;=fjka fldkao fkdkuk fiajlhd ìys ù we;ehs is;sh yelsh

lïlrejd ksid rg Èksh hq;=jkjd fukau ta fya;=fjka lïlrejd iq/lSu yd i;=áka ish ld¾Hhkays ksr;jkafkla úh hq;=jd ñi lïlrejd hkq lsisÿ mdgl fyda mlaIhl idlal=fjys od .kakg o; lejo tfia fkdúh hq;= fldgila mqoa.,fhla jkafka hehs ug isf;hs

 

ckdêm;s;=uks Tn ldrahd,fha fiajh l, 1600 lska 1000 la f.or heùu yxihdf.a úch.%yKhla jqj th fiajlhdf.a mrdchls

tfy;a th Tng ksjeros l, yelafla Tjqka lsishï jD;a;shl ksr; lrjSfuks

tfia fkdjqkfyd;a th fiajlhdf.a tfia ke;skï th wo osk jk úg Tn md,kh hgf;a Tjqka ,o mrdchla f,i iksgqyka fjkq we;